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My name is Michel Blomgren and my
passion is wilderness survival...

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...the art of keeping yourself alive
under harsh circumstances.

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This is the first episode in a series about
survival and the outdoors in Sweden.

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This episode takes you through five points
that increases one's chances in the Wild.

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To better illustrate these points, I'll take
you through a typical survival situation...

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...lost in the woods in Autumn.

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SURVIVAL
with Michel Blomgren

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As you probably understand, this guy
is lost.

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He was just out for a short hike but took
the wrong path somewhere along the trail.

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As he consider himself to know the area
quite well, he tries to walk out...

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...but what he as of yet hasn't realized is
that he's been walking around in circles.

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He's not prepared and lacks map, compass
cellphone, whistle or gear for sleeping out.

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Is he going to wander about the woods
until nightfall?

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Is someone from civilization going to
report him missing?

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Are they going to look for him in the
right area?

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The answers to these questions can make
a difference between life and death.

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He still hasn't given up on the idea that
he might get out before dark...

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that's why he's trying to walk out. The
darker it gets the more stress he feels.

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Panic is an emotional reaction, an alarm,
that mobilizes the organism to fight or flight.

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To feel panic is nothing wrong, it's
completely normal.

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The reason for panic is fear, fear is like fire:
It can warm you, but also burn you down.

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Just like fire should be respected,
so should also fear.

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No one is fearless, everyone are fearful.

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There are only 2 kinds of people: Those who
can control fear and those who can not.

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Thinking you are either one or the other
is wrong!

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We are both kinds depending on the situation
and how that situation affects our emotions.

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(humility for the task)

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The first rule when lost is not to get more lost.

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When panic creeps up on you, imagine a
STOP sign.

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Point 1: STOP stands for
Stop, Think, Orient, Plan

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Stop, don't increase your physical activity
that will only generate more stress.

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Sit down, breath deeply
do not hyperventilate!

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If panic takes control over you rather than
you over it, you're GAME OVER...

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...even if you're the greatest survival
expert in the world!

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If you've got a thermos with something hot,
drink it, but slowly.

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If you're exhausted and breathing heavily,
do not eat, it's just going to make it worse...

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...just like walking and eating at the same
time is exhausting.

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Think through your situation and orient
yourself.

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What time is it? How many hours of daylight
do I have? What gear do I have? Where am I?

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How did I end up here? Can I get home
before nightfall?

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If I don't get out, what do I do then?

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Is someone going to report me missing?
In that case, when?

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Is my last known position anywhere near
where I reported I would be?

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Make a time plan where it says: If I don't
get home by X o'clock, I'm going to...

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make an inventory, find or build a shelter,
light a fire and collect a lot of firewood...

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The most difficult decision you can make
is decide to spend the night in nature.

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It's much easier to push on thinking
"I'll eventually get out."

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Perhaps it's most important to realize
that you have to make that decision...

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...then the mind can prepare for
both alternatives, stay or go.

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If you wander around for several hours
without finding something you recognize...

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...then it's time to prepare for the inevitable,
spending the night in nature.

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The earlier you realize you won't get out,
the more time you have to prepare.

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Point 2: Do not give up! Survival is 80%
in your head, only 20% physical.

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Back to our lost friend, he has stopped and
is starting to think.

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Fractions of thoughts are rushing through
his head - it is time to focus!

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Let's take a look at his gear...

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The most important gear is the one we're
wearing, clothes.

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Man's natural climate is 27 degrees C,
right now it's -3 degrees Celsius.

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This means we must maintain a difference
of 30 degrees in order to stay warm.

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Hypothermia is the main killer in the
Wilderness on European latitudes...

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...both because of cold,
but also because of rain/water.

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Water can conduct heat away from the
body up to 27 times faster than air.

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For this reason it is extremely important to
be able to build a shelter and make fire.

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In the next episode I'm going to
demonstrate gear in greater detail.

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If protection against rain and cold is
priority one, then water is priority two.

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Dehydration is very common in outdoor
activities.

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Water is something we can not be without
for more than a few days.

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It is very unlikely that you will die of
starvation in a typical survival situation.

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Humans can survive over 40 days
without food!

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The gear that our lost friend has with
him is minimal...

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...but if it's used correctly it will save his
life during the coldest point of the night.

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A poncho of the American type is not
only rain gear, it's also a shelter.

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It's big enough and has grommets in each
corner.

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The poncho is actually the only shelter I
bring, even in normal outdoor activities.

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Works great, gear with more than one use.

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Extra dry clothing is very important.

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Longjohns are underestimated. In cities
you can see people with polar jackets...

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...but on their legs they have tight jeans
or thin pants for tropical climate.

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Longjohns of wool or fleece under a pair of
wind-proof pants keep the blood warm...

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...all the way to the feet.

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Water is priority 2 after we can keep warm. A
thermos with something hot is nice in the cold.

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We need to consume about 3 liters of water
during a normal not very physical day,

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according to most recommendations.

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I conducted a 5 day exercise during the
summer of 2005 with very little food.

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I soon noticed that I was drinking too much,
so I cut down to 1 liter per day.

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That was enough for that specific situation.

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I recommend to drink more, especially
in Winter, when dehydration...

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...make hypothermia worse.

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If you feel headache, drink lots of water.

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Headache is one of the first signs of dehydration
and then you're already 2-3 percent dehydrated.

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The color of urine should be clear, not
dark yellow - then you're dehydrated.

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When drinking enough you can think clearly,
very important when lost in the woods.

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Never ration water, we don't have a water
reserve like we do a fat reserve.

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To neglect dehydration almost makes you
get used to it.

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It will end with passive behavior
and eventually collapse.

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Many streams below the mountain region
in Sweden are contaminated with...

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parasites, bacteria, etc.

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It's important (as hygiene in general is) to
clean water before drinking it.

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All pathogens have an incubation period
before symptoms of disease appear.

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The time can vary from hours to months.

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The most common pathogens, the protozoans
and the bacteria...

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have an incubation time around 2 days or
more (Salmonella strikes within hours though).

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In Sweden this, statistically, means you will
get rescued before disease appear.

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Despite this, water ought to be treated as
the disease that may strike back in the World

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...may be very painful.

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Bad diarrhea, bleeding intestine,
vomiting, are some symptoms.

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Boiling is, despite many modern solutions,
the best way to make water safe to drink.

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In order to boil water you need something
to boil in, a metal mug isn't all that wrong...

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...but a cooking pot, like a coffee pot,
is much better.

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Food isn't bad, but we can survive many
days without something to eat.

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The hunger can be challenging after
8 hours since our last meal...

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It can rumble a lot in the stomach.

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Some time later it will decline and the
hunger becomes much more bearable.

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The will to eat can be strong even during
the initial period, but can later transform...

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into nausea. 1 of 20 vomit after 2-3 days
without food.

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When the energy, the carbohydrates, are low
we can no longer work as fast as before.

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It's very important not to work harder
than the body can handle in order to...

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...prevent becoming dizzy or even faint.

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Ration the body's energy reserve by
walking and working slowly.

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Survive longer - be cool. Work
determined but slowly.

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When you've established yourself in
nature there's no reason to run around.

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Point 3: 3 of something is a distress call.
3 blows in a whistle, 3 light signals, SOS, etc.

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In order to protect ourselves against the
weather we need to know about hypothermia.

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Convection: typically responsible for 50%
of our heat loss.

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Convection means air around us and in
between layers of clothing blows away...

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by cold air and movement. Warm air is lighter
than cool air and moves away from the body.

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Radiation: typically responsible for 30%
of our heat loss.

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Heat (energy) is transfered to the colder
environment, even through clothing.

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Heat radiation can be felt from the Sun
and from fire.

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Respiration: typically responsible for 10%
of our heat loss.

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The cold air we breath is heated in the
airways before reaching the lungs.

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Evaporation: typically responsible for 5%
of our heat loss.

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Heat is transfered away from the body
through the process of vaporization of liquid.

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Sweat and wet clothing is the main reason
for evaporation.

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Conduction: typically responsible for 5%
of our heat loss.

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Heat energy is transfered from a warmer
material by direct contact with a colder one.

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Heat is always transfered from a warm
place to a colder place.

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To know what not to get in contact with
is important.

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Water can conduct heat away from your
body up to 27 times faster than air.

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Aluminium can conduct heat about
100 times faster than ice.

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No good idea to use an aluminium blanket
as sleeping mat, especially not in winter.

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Point 4: 4 chores...
Shelter, Fire, Water, Signal for help

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To choose a good spot for camp is
essential.

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It should be close to water but
preferably not right next to a lake.

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Cold air sinks down over lakes at night.

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Enough firewood nearby is essential. In
Sweden a spruce forest is a good place.

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Spruce can be used in shelter building,
making of a "sleeping mat" and fire.

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If you lack string, you'll find it under
ground. Spruce roots are excellent...

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as long as the ground isn't frozen.

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During winter it's important to carry string
with you - especially up north.

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Necessity is the mother of all invention,
it doesn't take long to find a string to use.

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In short... you use what you got.

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The poncho protects against wind & rain.
It's time to protect against the cold ground.

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Spruce bows can be used to make an
excellent traditional bush bed.

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Make sure the curve of the bow points
upward to help raise you from the ground.

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This will create an air layer between you
and the ground, just like a sleeping mat.

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The amount of bows is very important,
it's good if the bed reach your knees.

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The "spruce bow mattress" will sink a lot
when sleeping.

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Please observe: The Swedish "Right to
Public Access" does not include taking...

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spruce roots or spruce bows. Ask
permission from the land owner.

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When lost for real you should break all
laws necessary to survive - it's your right.

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You should be free as long as you can
defend your actions.

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An English expression says more than
1000 words...

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Better be tried by twelve,
than carried by six.

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A good proverb in survival situations is:
Proper preparation prevents poor performance

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especially when it comes to fire.

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I'm collecting stones to make a fireplace.

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A stone fireplace protects against ground
fire. The fire heats up the ground...

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and ignite roots that smolder for days
that can turn into a nasty forest fire.

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A stone fireplace also make the fire burn
more efficiently than on the (wet) ground.

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This is the result. Most importantly,
stones in the bottom.

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The fireplace is placed no more than an
arms length from the shelter in order to...

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be able to feed the fire from the shelter,
but not too close to catch spit from the fire.

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It's time to collect fire wood...

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Not all wood will do. We'll need different sizes.
Twigs light branches that light bigger wood.

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First focus is the tinder which will light
the first twigs.

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Birch bark is an incredible material that will
burn even after being submerged in water.

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By scraping the surface into a fine material
you can easily light it with a fire steel.

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The dry twigs under most spruces is
excellent kindling when dry.

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Dry spruce twigs are excellent first fuel
to the fire.

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Birch twigs that have dried in the sun burn
well even after rain.

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The bark protects the twigs from getting
wet.

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Birch is excellent fire wood and can be
used even if birch contains a lot of water.

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Many people say you can't use birch
unless it's -10 degrees C, but it does work.

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If you can't find spruce twigs or birch
bark, you can make feather sticks.

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Split wood burns much better than wood
that has not been split.

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The wood is usually wet on the outside,
but dry on the inside.

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This can be done with any kind of wood
and can even be lit with a fire steel.

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You need to make several feather sticks
and split wood small to get a good result.

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Once the fire is burning it's time to boil
a hot drink.

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When water boils heavily it's safe to drink.
Big bubbles, no troubles is a good rule.

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A tea of pine, or in this case, spruce
needles is an excellent forest tea.

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To me, this drink symbolizes the sub-
arctic forest.

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Instead of collecting single needles, take
whole twigs, preferably the tips.

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The needles are rich in vitamin C during
Autumn, Winter and Spring.

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Two hands full of needles to 1/2 liter
water will cover 1/3, or 20 mg...

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of the Swedish recommended daily
intake of vitamin C.

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10mg is however enough to keep scurvy
away, if you're going to be lost for months.

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The needles also contain a small amount
of sugar which has a refreshing effect...

200
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especially when tired and hungry. It
should boil for 20 minutes before served.

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If you have a thermos, like our lost friend,
it's a good idea to fill it with this tea...

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excellent to drink when freezing in the
middle of the night.

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All is well that ends well. It doesn't
always end well though.

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Who lives and who doesn't sometimes
make no sense what so ever.

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Experienced outdoorsmen have perished
after just one night lost in the wild,

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despite decent weather, clothing, good
gear and being physically unharmed.

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While children under 6 years of age, even
infants, have survived extreme ordeals.

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The will to live can not be taught, trained,
or learned by reading a book.

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Each one of us must find our reason(s)
to live.

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00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,999
Perhaps it's enough to realize that one
want to live to survive?

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The only thing one really need is the
ability to adapt to the new conditions...

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that a survival situation has to offer.

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5, the last point, the gear I consider
valuable in every outdoor activity.

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Gear will only help the one who wants
to survive. Give up and gear is useless.

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1) A good knife is your best friend

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2) 2 means to make fire, a primary
and a secondary

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3) A whistle is heard much further than
the voice, and lasts much longer too

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4) A compass to navigate straight through
the forest

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5) A first aid kit

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I'm going to finish up by repeating my
5 points.

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But first I want to thank you for watching!

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1) STOP - Stop Think Orient Plan

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2) Do not give up!

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Few have died fighting on, many by giving up!
-- Swedish Defense Survival Handbook

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3) Three of something is an international
distress signal

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4) Four chores in a survival situation

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Shelter

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Fire

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Water

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Signal for help

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5) Five things one should always carry
in the woods...

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Knife

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Two ways to make fire

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Whistle

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Compass

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First aid kit

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More episodes in this series can be
found on www.bushcraft.se

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Filming, editing and music
by Michel Blomgren